The surface treatment process for titanium substrates (such as TC4 titanium alloy) used in 3D printing mainly includes the following types:

1. Precision machining and post-processing

Fine grinding: By mechanical grinding, the surface smoothness is improved, suitable for scenarios such as medical implants that require high surface quality.

Forging: Traditional process, but after 3D printing, it is usually combined with hot isostatic pressing (HIP) to eliminate internal defects and improve density.

2. Surface coating technology

Chemical nickel plating: forming a nickel phosphorus alloy coating through self catalytic reaction, enhancing corrosion resistance and wear resistance, suitable for complex shaped substrates.

Melt spraying: used for repairing worn parts, can prepare thick coatings (such as below 250 μ m), but requires the use of positive tolerance machining technology.

3. Non standard customization support

3D printing technology itself supports customized complex structures, and surface treatment processes (such as coating thickness and precision grinding) can be adjusted according to requirements. For example, Apple's titanium case achieves personalized production through adhesive spraying technology.

4. Suggestions for process selection

Medical field: High purity Grade 23 titanium alloy is preferred, combined with electroless nickel plating to enhance biocompatibility.

In the aviation/industrial field, TA15 or Beta21S alloy is used, combined with melt spraying to enhance high-temperature performance.